What is an Intrusion Detection System (IDS)? An Intrusion Detection System (IDS), as its name suggests, is a device that detects malicious activities or policy violations—in other words, intrusion...

MITRE ATT&CK Framework: Understanding Cyber Threats and Defense Strategies What is MITRE ATT&CK? MITRE ATT&CK (Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge) is a globally acc...

1. Web Shells: The Master Key to the Web Server What is a Web Shell? A web shell is a malicious script file uploaded to a web server by an attacker to enable remote administration. It can be writ...

1. Basic Concepts of SOAP Contrary to its name, SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is not a simple protocol. It is platform and language independent, offering flexibility to operate over various...

1. Command Injection: The Shell is the Limit Command Injection is one of the most critical vulnerabilities we can encounter. A successful attack can lead beyond simple data theft to the ‘Holy Grai...

Secure Code Review: Reading Code Through an Attacker’s Eyes in JavaScript and Node.js While a typical code review focuses on functional correctness and code quality, a Secure Code Review goes a st...

Index checks /robots.txt /sitemap.xml /crossdomain.xml /clientaccesspolicy.xml /.well-known/ Check also comments in the main and secondary pages. 300 Error 301 Moved Permanently ...

Browser Extension Security Browser Extensions are powerful tools that extend the functionality of web browsers and enhance the user experience. From ad blockers to productivity tools and developer...

Core JWT Vulnerability Analysis and Attack Scenarios The majority of successful JWT attacks begin with a single objective: bypassing the server’s signature verification logic. If the signature can...

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF): When Your Server Becomes an Attacker’s Proxy Introduction Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) is a critical web security vulnerability that allows an attacker t...