1. Command Injection: The Shell is the Limit Command Injection is one of the most critical vulnerabilities we can encounter. A successful attack can lead beyond simple data theft to the ‘Holy Grai...

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF): When Your Server Becomes an Attacker’s Proxy Introduction Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) is a critical web security vulnerability that allows an attacker t...

The Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Attack Let’s dive deep into Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), one of the most subtle and dangerous attacks in web application security. CSRF is an attack tha...

The Cross-Site Scripting Attack Let’s explore Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), one of the most common and dangerous vulnerabilities in web application security. XSS is a security flaw that occurs when ...

SQL Injection: When Data Becomes Code Introduction SQL Injection (SQLi) is one of the oldest yet persistently dangerous web application vulnerabilities. At its core, SQLi stems from a fundamental...

Definition and Concept of Passkeys Passkeys are a passwordless login method based on the FIDO2/WebAuthn standards led by the FIDO Alliance and W3C. Technically, they refer to Multi-Device FIDO Cre...

The Core Philosophy of FIDO (Fast Identity Online) Traditional authentication methods relied on the ‘Shared Secret’ model. In this model, both the user and the server must know the exact same pass...

What is SSO (Single Sign-On) and Why is it Important? Today, we navigate through a multitude of applications and services. The number of services required for work alone—such as email, cloud stora...

What is SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language)? SAML is an open-standard protocol for web-based authentication and authorization. It is widely used to implement Single Sign-On (SSO), allowing u...

OpenID Connect (OIDC) vs. OAuth 2.0 A concept that is often confused here is OpenID Connect (OIDC). OAuth 2.0: Its primary purpose is Authorization. It determines answers to questions like, “S...